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MC10E197 Folha de dados(PDF) 6 Page - ON Semiconductor

Nome de Peças MC10E197
Descrição Electrónicos  5V ECL Data Separator
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Fabricante Electrônico  ONSEMI [ON Semiconductor]
Página de início  http://www.onsemi.com
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MC10E197 Folha de dados(HTML) 6 Page - ON Semiconductor

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6
Phase-Lock Loop Theory
Introduction
Phase lock loop (PLL) circuits are fundamentally
feedback systems used to synchronize the frequency of an
oscillator to an incoming signal. In addition to frequency
synchronization, the PLL circuitry is designed to minimize
the phase difference between the system input and output
signals. A block diagram of a feedback control system is
shown in Figure 1.
where:
A(s) is the product of the feed-forward transfer functions.
Figure 1. Feedback System
Xi(s)
Xo(s)
A(s)
β(s)
+
Xe(s)
R
β(s) is the product of the feedback transfer functions.
The transfer function for this closed loop system is
Xo(s)
Xi(s)
=
A(s)
1 + A(s)β(s)
Typically, phase lock loops are modeled as feedback
systems connected in a unity feedback configuration
(β(s)=1) with a phase detector, a VCO (voltage controlled
oscillator), and a loop filter in the feed-forward path, A(s).
Figure 2 illustrates a phase lock loop as a feedback control
system in block diagram form.
LOOP FILTER
F(s)
Fi
Fo
PHASE
DETECTOR
Kf
VCO
Ko
s
Figure 2. Phase Lock Loop Block Diagram
The closed loop transfer function is:
Xo(s)
Xi(s)
=
Kφ Ko
s
F(s)
Ko
s
1 + Kφ
F(s)
where:
Kφ= the phase detector gain.
Ko= the VCO gain. Since the VCO introduces a
pole at the origin of the s-plane, Ko is divided
by s.
F(s) = the transfer function of the loop filter.
The 10E197 is designed to implement the phase detector
and VCO functions in a unity feedback loop, while allowing
the user to select the desired filter function.
Gain Constants
As mentioned, each of the three sections in the phase lock
loop block diagram has an associated open loop gain
constant. Further, the gain constant of the filter circuitry is
composed of the product of three gain constants, one for
each filter subsection. The open loop gain constant of the
feed-forward path is given by
Kol = Kφ * Ko * K1 * Kl * Kd
eqt. 1
and obtained by performing a root locus analysis.
Phase Detector Gain Constant
The gain of the phase detector is a function of the
operating mode and the data pattern. The 10E197 provides
data separation for signals encoded in 2:7 or 1:7 RLL
encoding schemes; hence, Tables 1 and 2 are coding tables
for these schemes. Table 3 lists nominal phase detector gains
for both 2:7 and 1:7 sync fields.
NRZ Data Sequence
Code Sequence
00
1000
01
0100
100
001000
101
100100
111
000100
1100
00001000
1101
00100100
Table 1. 2:7 RLL Encoding Table
NRZ Data Sequence
Code Sequence
00
X01
01
010
10
X00
1100
010001
1101
X00000
1110
X00001
1111
010000
An X in the leading bit of a code sequence is assigned the
complement of the bit
Table 2. 1:7 RLL Encoding Table
Sync Pattern
Read Mode
Idle Mode
2:7
121 mV/radian
484 mV/radian
1:7
161 mV/radian
483 mV/radian
Table 3. Phase Detector Gain Constants
VCO Gain Constant
The gain of the VCO is a function of the tuning capacitor.
For a value of 10 pF a nominal value of the gain, Ko, is
20 MHz per volt.


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