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SI5018 Folha de dados(PDF) 10 Page - Silicon Laboratories |
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SI5018 Folha de dados(HTML) 10 Page - Silicon Laboratories |
10 / 22 page Si5018 10 Rev. 1.2 Functional Description The Si5018 utilizes a phase-locked loop (PLL) to recover a clock synchronous to the input data stream. This clock is used to retime the data, and both the recovered clock and data are output synchronously via current mode logic (CML) drivers. Optimal jitter performance is obtained by using Silicon Laboratories' DSPLL™ technology to eliminate the noise entry points caused by external PLL loop filter components. DSPLL™ The phase-locked loop structure (shown in "Typical Application Schematic‚" on page 9) utilizes Silicon Laboratories' DSPLL™ technology to eliminate the need for external loop filter components found in traditional PLL implementations. This is achieved by using a digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm to replace the loop filter commonly found in analog PLL designs. This algorithm processes the phase detector error term and generates a digital control value to adjust the frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). Because external loop filter components are not required, sensitive noise entry points are eliminated thus making the DSPLL less susceptible to board-level noise sources that make SONET/SDH jitter compliance difficult to attain. PLL Self-Calibration The Si5018 achieves optimal jitter performance by using self-calibration circuitry to set the loop gain parameters within the DSPLL. For the self-calibration circuitry to operate correctly, the power supply voltage must exceed 2.25 V when calibration occurs. For best performance, the user should force a self-calibration once the supply has stabilized on powerup. A self-calibration can be initiated by forcing a high-to- low transition on the power-down control input, PWRDN/CAL, while a valid reference clock is supplied to the REFCLK input. The PWRDN/CAL input should be held high at least 1 µs before transitioning low to guarantee a self-calibration. Several application circuits that could be used to initiate a power-on self-calibration are provided in Silicon Laboratories’ “AN42: Controlling DSPLL™ Self-Calibration for the Si5020/5018/5010 CDR Devices and Si531x Clock Multiplier/Regenerator Devices.” Reference Clock Detect The Si5018 CDR requires an external reference clock applied to the REFCLK input for normal device operation. When REFCLK is absent, the LOL alarm will always be asserted when it has been determined that no activity exists on REFCLK, indicating the lock status of the PLL is unknown. Additionally, the Si5018 uses the reference clock to center the VCO output frequency at the OC-48/STM-16 data rate. The device will self- configure for operation with one of three reference clock frequencies. This eliminates the need to externally configure the device to operate with a particular reference clock. The reference clock centers the VCO for a nominal output between 2.488 GHz and 2.7 GHz. The VCO frequency is centered at 16, 32, or 128 times the reference clock frequency. Detection circuitry continuously monitors the reference clock input to determine whether the device should be configured for a reference clock that is 1/16, 1/32, or 1/128 the nominal VCO output. Approximate reference clock frequencies are given in Table 7. Forward Error Correction (FEC) The Si5018 supports FEC in SONET OC-48 (SDH STM-16) applications for data rates up to 2.7 Gbps. In FEC applications, the appropriate reference clock frequency is determined by dividing the input data rate by 16, 32, or 128. For example, if an FEC code is used that produces a 2.7 Gbps data rate, the required reference clock would be 168.75 MHz, 84.375 MHz, or 21.09 MHz. Lock Detect The Si5018 provides lock-detect circuitry that indicates whether the PLL has achieved frequency lock with the incoming data. The circuit compares the frequency of a divided-down version of the recovered clock with the frequency of the applied reference clock (REFCLK). If the recovered clock frequency deviates from that of the reference clock by the amount specified in Table 4 on page 7, the PLL is declared out of lock, and the loss-of- lock (LOL) pin is asserted high. In this state, the PLL will periodically try to reacquire lock with the incoming data stream. During reacquisition, the recovered clock may drift over a ±600 ppm range relative to the applied reference clock, and the LOL output alarm may toggle until the PLL has reacquired frequency lock. Due to the Table 7. Typical REFCLK Frequencies OC-48/ STM-16 (2.488 GHz) OC-48/STM-16 w/ 15/14 FEC (2.666 GHz) Ratio of VCO to REFCLK 19.44 MHz 20.83 MHz 128 77.76 MHz 83.31 MHz 32 155.52 MHz 166.63 MHz 16 |
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